Assertion Styles

This section of the guide introduces you to the three different assertion styles that you may use in your testing environment. Once you have made your selection, it is recommended that you look at the API Documentation for your selected style.

Assert

View full Assert API

The assert style is exposed through assert interface. This provides the classic assert-dot notation, similar to that packaged with node.js. This assert module, however, provides several additional tests and is browser compatible.

import {assert} from 'chai';

const foo = 'bar';
const beverages = { tea: [ 'chai', 'matcha', 'oolong' ] };

assert.typeOf(foo, 'string'); // without optional message
assert.typeOf(foo, 'string', 'foo is a string'); // with optional message
assert.equal(foo, 'bar', 'foo equal `bar`');
assert.lengthOf(foo, 3, 'foo`s value has a length of 3');
assert.lengthOf(beverages.tea, 3, 'beverages has 3 types of tea');

In all cases, the assert style allows you to include an optional message as the last parameter in the assert statement. These will be included in the error messages should your assertion not pass.

BDD

View full BDD API

The BDD style comes in two flavors: expect and should. Both use the same chainable language to construct assertions, but they differ in the way an assertion is initially constructed. In the case of should, there are also some caveats and additional tools to overcome the caveats.

Expect

The BDD style is exposed through expect or should interfaces. In both scenarios, you chain together natural language assertions.

import {expect} from 'chai';

const foo = 'bar';
const beverages = { tea: [ 'chai', 'matcha', 'oolong' ] };

expect(foo).to.be.a('string');
expect(foo).to.equal('bar');
expect(foo).to.have.lengthOf(3);
expect(beverages).to.have.property('tea').with.lengthOf(3);

Expect also allows you to include arbitrary messages to prepend to any failed assertions that might occur.

const answer = 43;

// AssertionError: expected 43 to equal 42.
expect(answer).to.equal(42);

// AssertionError: topic [answer]: expected 43 to equal 42.
expect(answer, 'topic [answer]').to.equal(42);

This comes in handy when being used with non-descript topics such as booleans or numbers.

Should

The should style allows for the same chainable assertions as the expect interface, however it extends each object with a should property to start your chain. This style has some issues when used with Internet Explorer, so be aware of browser compatibility.

import {should} from 'chai';

should(); //actually call the function

const foo = 'bar';
const beverages = { tea: [ 'chai', 'matcha', 'oolong' ] };

foo.should.be.a('string');
foo.should.equal('bar');
foo.should.have.lengthOf(3);
beverages.should.have.property('tea').with.lengthOf(3);

Differences

First of all, notice that the expect require is just a reference to the expect function, whereas with the should require, the function is being executed.

import * as chai from 'chai';

const {expect} = chai;
const should = chai.should();

The expect interface provides a function as a starting point for chaining your language assertions. It works on node.js and in all browsers.

The should interface extends Object.prototype to provide a single getter as the starting point for your language assertions. It works on node.js and in all modern browsers except Internet Explorer.

Should Extras

Given that should works by extending Object.prototype, there are some scenarios where should will not work. Mainly, if you are trying to check the existence of an object. Take the following pseudocode:

db.get(1234, function (err, doc) {
  // we expect error to not exist
  // we expect doc to exist and be an object
});

Given that err should be null or undefined, err.should.not.exist is not a valid statement as undefined and null haven’t been extended with a should chain starter. As such, the appropriate few assertions for this scenario are as follows:

import {should as loadShould} from 'chai';

const should = loadShould();

db.get(1234, function (err, doc) {
  should.not.exist(err);
  should.exist(doc);
  doc.should.be.an('object');
});

Provided you assigned should to a var, you have access to several quick helpers to keep you out of trouble when using should.

  • should.exist
  • should.not.exist
  • should.equal
  • should.not.equal
  • should.Throw
  • should.not.Throw

Using Should in ES2015

It isn’t possible to chain a function call from an ES2015 import statement – it has to go on its own line, which looks a little verbose:

import * as chai from 'chai';
chai.should();

For a cleaner look, you can do this instead:

import 'chai/register-should';

Configuration

config.includeStack

  • @param {Boolean}
  • @default false

User configurable property, influences whether stack trace is included in Assertion error message. Default of false suppresses stack trace in the error message.

chai.config.includeStack = true; // turn on stack trace

config.showDiff

  • @param {Boolean}
  • @default true

User configurable property, influences whether or not the showDiff flag should be included in the thrown AssertionErrors. false will always be false; true will be true when the assertion has requested a diff be shown.

chai.config.showDiff = false; // turn off reporter diff display

config.truncateThreshold

  • @param {Number}
  • @default 40

User configurable property, sets length threshold for actual and expected values in assertion errors. If this threshold is exceeded, the value is truncated.

Set it to zero if you want to disable truncating altogether.

chai.config.truncateThreshold = 0; // disable truncating